麦金太尔对西方道德的批判及重构

MacIntyre's Critique and Reconstruction of Western Morality

麦金太尔指出,现代西方社会的道德话语和道德判断大部分在本质上都是情感主义,道德论证虽然合乎逻辑规则,但使用的前提概念却都具有不可公度性,因此带来道德分歧的局面是难免的。分析造成这种现状的深刻的历史因素,麦金太尔将其归结为启蒙筹划论证道德合理性运动的失败。麦金太尔认为正是对亚里士多德目的论传统的拒斥,以及事实领域和道德评价的分离,促成昔日道德语言和规则演变成今日道德莫衷一是的混乱局面。通过回归亚里士多德德性伦理传统以及论证人需要美德,麦金太尔进行道德重构尝试。麦金太尔的德性伦理学思想对我国当今的道德建设很有启发。

MacIntyre pointed out that most modern western society＇s moral discourses and moral judgments are emotionalism in essence.Although their moral argumentations are conform to logical rules,the premise concepts used are all incommensurable,thus causing inevitable moral disagreement.By analyzing the profound historical factors that caused this situation,MacIntyre attributed it to the failure of the enlightenment planning movement to demonstrate the moral rationality.MacIntyre believed that it was the rejection of Aristotle＇s moral tradition,as well as the separation of the fact and moral evaluation,that led to the chaotic situation in which the moral language and rules of the past evolved into moral confusion.By returning to Aristotle＇s ethical tradition and demonstrating that the human need virtue,MacIntyre tried to reconstruct the morality,whose virtue ethics thought is very enlightening to the moral construction of our country today.