急性下呼吸道感染住院患儿病毒病原学分析

Analysis of viral etiology in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection

目的探讨揭阳地区急性下呼吸道感染住院患儿病毒病原学特点。方法对2 125例急性下呼吸道感染患儿应用直接免疫荧光法(DIF)进行A型流感病毒(甲型流感病毒IFA)、B型流感病毒(乙型流感病毒IFB)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、腺病毒(Ad V)、副流感病毒1(PIVⅠ)、2(PIVⅡ)和3型(PIVⅢ)进行病毒学检测。结果 2 125例患儿鼻咽部分泌物标本中有538例检测出至少1种病毒,总阳性率25.3%,其中RSV阳性率(19.7%)明显高于其他病毒,具有统计学意义。春、夏、冬季的RSV阳性率大致相当,明显高于秋季。婴儿期组RSV阳性率(27.2%)最高,幼儿期组(18.7%)次之,均显著高于学龄前期、学龄期,后2组阳性率无统计学差异,青春期组未检出RSV。结论病毒是急性下呼吸道感染的重要病原体,而其中又以RSV为著,RSV感染具有显著的季节性和年龄特征性。

Objective To investigate the viral etiology feature in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory infection in Jieyang area. Methods A total of 2 125 children with acute lower respiratory tract infection were screened by direct immune fluorescence assay（ DIF） for influenza virus A（ IFA）,influenza virus B（ IFB）,respiratory syncytial virus（RSV）,adenovirus（Ad V）,parainfluenza virus I（PIV Ⅰ）,PIV Ⅱ and PIV Ⅲ. Results In 2 125 cases of nasopharyngeal secretory specimens,538 cases were detected at least one kinds of viruses. The total positive rate was 25. 3%,of which the positive rate of RSV（19. 7%） was higher than that of other viruses. The positive rate of RSV was similar in spring,summer and winter,much higher than that in autumn. The positive rate of RSV in infancy group（27. 2%） was the highest,then the second was the toddler’s age（18. 7%）,both of which were higher than that in preschool age group and school age group.There was no significant difference in the positive rate between preschool age group and school age group. In addition,RSV was not detected in the adolescence group. Conclusion Virus is an important pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection. The most common virus is RSV,infection of which has seasonal and age characteristics.