近代中国民族产业资本困境研究——以川江航运业为例

A Study on the Predicament of National Industrial Capital in Modern China——Taking Szechuen River Navigational Industry as an Example

近代中国民族产业的发展需要大量资本的投入,由于本国民族资本极度贫弱,给以英、美、日为代表的外国资本大量进出中国市场提供了商机。外国资本除了直接设厂外,还通过贷款等各种融资方式渗透进中国民族产业,使得民族资本受制于外国资本。文章以民族产业代表川江轮船公司和民生公司为例,考察企业初创和发展期间产业资本的短缺问题及其筹措资本方式的多元化,论述近代中国民族产业资本困境的原因及其对中国工业化发展产生的消极影响。

The development of national industry in modern China requires a great deal of capital investment.Therefore,the predicament of industrial capital in modern China deserves attention.According to the difference in capitals,the capital market of modern China is quite different and particular.Due to the extreme weakness of domestic capitals,large amounts of foreign capitals from Britain,the United States and Japan have been invested in modern China.Besides the direct establishment of the factories,loans and other financing methods have permeated China＇s national industry,which has made the national capitals subject to foreign capitals.Taking Szechuen River Navigation Co.and Minsheng Co.as an example,the paper examines the lack of industrial capital in the initial stage of establishing and developing the corporations as well as the diversification of the capitals and analyzes the reasons for the predicament of industrial capital in modern China and its negative effects on the development of China＇s industrialization.During the war time,there was a very high profit in business,so that business capital inhibited industrial capital and financial capital in the capital market.There was a potential financial crisis in China at that time and the industry was severely damaged by the financial crisis.