阿尔茨海默症风险因素及机制研究进展

Research Progress of Etiopathogenic Factors and Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease

目的:阿尔茨海默症(AD),亦称老年痴呆症,是一种以进行性认知功能障碍和行为异常为主要临床表现、以β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)聚集形成老年斑(SP)和异常磷酸化微管相关蛋白(Tau)聚集形成神经纤维原缠结(NFTs)为特征病理学改变的神经退行性疾病。AD发病机制复杂、众多风险因素如年龄、遗传、能量代谢异常,氧化应激损伤、炎症、创伤等均对其有重要影响或为其中关键环节,也是学界研究的热点。分析这些风险因素及其参与AD发病的机制对AD防治可能提供新的思路。

Alzheimer disease （AD） is multi-factorial and heterogeneous. This disease is characterized clinically by chronic and progressive dementia and histopathologically by neurofibrillary degeneration of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau seen as intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic （senile） plaques of β-amyloid. Due to diversity of environmental and genetic factors, the mechanism of AD remains unknown.AD pathogenesis complex, many risk factors such as age, genetic, energy metabolism, oxidative stress injury, inflammation, trauma, etc all have important influence on its or as the key link, also is the educational world research hot spot. Analysis of these risk factors and their involvement in AD pathogenesis may provide new ideas for AD prevention.