中美高等医学教育学制和人才培养模式比较研究

A comparative study of Chinese and American medical education system and talent training mode

目的:研究中国与美国高等医学教育学制和人才培养模式,并分析优劣。方法:采用文献研究和比较研究的方法,对美国和中国高等医学教育的学制和人才培养模式进行对比研究。结果:中国高等医学教育的学制包括3年、5年、6年、7年和8年,美国是8年;美国要求学生进入医学院校前必须获得学士学位,并设立入学考试,合格者方能进入医学院进行学习,我国高中毕业生高考达线直接入校;美国确立了规范、合理的毕业后继续教育制度,我国继续教育制度不统一;美国医师必须通过3次执业资格考试,我国采取的是一次性执业资格考试。结论:构建科学合理的学制和培养模式有利于我国高等医学教育改革的实现,有利于培养符合社会需求的高质量医学人才。

Objective： To study the academic system and talent training mode of higher medical education in China and America,analyzing the pros and cons.Methods： The academic system and talent training mode of higher medical education in America and China are compared,by the methods of literature research and comparative study. Results： The academic system of higher medical education in China is 3 years,5 years,6 years,7 years or 8 years,while in the United States it is 8 years; in the United States only after students pass the entrance examination established for those with a bachelor＇s degree,can students be enrolled in a medical school for further study,while in China students having finished high school study can be registered directly into the medicine college once reaching the entry score corresponding to the target universities and colleges. In the United States a normative and equitable continuing education system has been established after graduation,whereas across China all the continuing education systems are not unified; in the United States students will not be doctors qualified until they have passed three-time doctors＇ qualification examination,while in China one-time doctors＇ qualification examination is performed. Conclusion： Constructing a scientific and equitable system of education and training is conducive to the realization of the reform of higher medical education in China,and the cultivation of high-quality medical talents in line with the needs of society.