革命知识分子主体与革命政权的悖论性冲突——以丁玲《太阳照在桑干河上》的创作为考察中心

The Paradox between Revolutionary Intellectual Subject and the Revolutionary Regime——A Study of Ding Ling's Creation of The Sun Shines on the Sanggan River

延安文艺座谈会后,《讲话》对作家主体进行了重塑,产生了全新的"社会主义现实主义"创作模式,丁玲的《太阳照在桑干河上》即是按照《讲话》规范创作的小说。然而,这部小说却产生了诸多与《讲话》相悖的杂音和异质因素。小说的"问题"反映出作家主体与革命政权的拉锯,具体表现在革命精神与革命政权的悖论、经验性自我与政党文艺制度的冲突两方面。丁玲面临的组织内知识分子与现实的革命政权间存在的深刻而又现实的归置难题在当代文学史上具有普遍性,它与中国当代文学制度和作家本身的身份归属具有密切联系。

The Yan'an Symposium on Literature and Art remodeled writers' subject, resulting in a new writing mode of"socialist realism". Ding Ling's The Sun Shines on the Sanggan River is written in accordance with the new norms. However, this novel also showed something heterogeneous with these norms. It betrayed a struggle between the writer's subject and the revolutionary regime, as demonstrated in the paradox between the revolutionary spirit and the revolutionary regime, and the conflict between the empirical self and literary system of the party. This problem of identification for the intellectuals as party members is universal in the history of contemporary literature. It is closely related to the contemporary Chinese literary system and the identity of contemporary writers.