两性表面活性剂/聚合物对稠油水包油型乳状液分水率和降黏率的影响

Effects of Amphoteric Surfactant/Polymer on Water Separation Rate and Viscosity-Reducing Rate of Heavy Oil-in-Water Emulsion

为了有效地在常温条件下输送稠油,系统分析了表面活性剂和聚合物的类型及其含量对稠油水包油(O/W)型乳状液分水率和降黏率的影响规律及作用机理。实验结果表明:由质量分数为1.0%的两性表面活性剂CAB-35制备的稠油O/W型乳状液稳定性较好,3h内的分水率为10.0%,降黏率超过98%;随着CAB-35质量分数的增加,乳状液分水率先急剧降低后趋近于稳定,降黏率减小、但均在96%以上。为了进一步提高乳状液的稳定性,分别向CAB-35溶液中加入非离子聚丙烯酰胺PAM、阴离子聚丙烯酰胺HPAM、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺CPAM和两性离子聚丙烯酰胺ACPAM。结果显示:当两性表面活性剂的质量分数较低时,加入聚合物后,乳状液的分水率明显降低,且4种聚合物对乳状液分水率的影响程度由高到低依次为ACPAM、CPAM、HPAM、PAM,降黏率均超过96%;随着HPAM含量的增加,乳状液的分水率减小,降黏率降低。

To be effective for transportation heavy crude oil at room temperature,the effects of the types and contents of surfactants and polymers on the water separation rate and viscosity-reducing rate of heavy oil-in-water emulsion were systematically studied.Experimental results show that the emulsion prepared by the amphoteric surfactant CAB-35 has a great stability,with water separation rate of 10.0%in 3 hand the viscosity-reducing ratio of over 98%.The water separation rates firstly decreases with the increase of surfactant contents,and then it goes to a relatively stable value.Whereas as the surfactant content increases,the viscosity-reducing rates get decreased,but they all maintain above 96%.In order to improve the stability of emulsion,the nonionic polyacrylamide PAM,the anionic polyacrylamide HPAM,the cationic polyacrylamide CPAM and the amphoteric polyacrylamide ACPAM were added in the surfactant CAB-35 solution,resepectively.Experimental results show that amphoteric surfactant content obviously depends on the water separation rate.The magnitude of the effects of four kinds of polymers examined on the water separation rate is：ACPAM〉CPAM〉HPAM〉PAM,with viscosity-reducing rate more than 96%.As the HPAM concents increases,both water separation rate and the viscosity-reducing rate reduce.