添加不同物料对蟹味菇菌渣堆肥的影响

Effect of Different Materials on Fertilizer Efficiency during Co-composting with Spent Mushroom Substrate(Hypsizygus marmoreus)

[目的]研究堆肥过程中温度、pH、有机碳、全量养分(全氮、全磷、全钾)和C/N的动态变化。[方法]以蟹味菇菌渣作为主要堆肥原料进行高温堆肥试验,设置:纯菌渣(T_1)、菌渣∶猪粪=8∶2(T_2)、菌渣∶猪粪=6∶4(T_3)、菌渣∶猪粪=5∶5(T_4)、菌渣∶羊粪=6∶4(T_5)、菌渣∶猪粪∶水稻秸秆粉碎物=6∶2∶2(T_5),研究堆肥过程中温度、pH、有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾和C/N的动态变化。[结果]堆体温度在4 d后均达到50℃以上,保持高温30~40 d后开始下降,其中50℃以上持续时间T1处理高达40 d,而T_2、T_3处理仅为27 d;堆肥pH呈先快速上升后缓慢下降的趋势,由开始的偏酸性(pH 5.5~6.7)到堆制结束时呈弱碱性(pH 7.5~8.3);堆制过程中有机碳持续缓慢下降,至堆肥结束时不同处理平均下降了53.9%;堆肥全氮含量在9 d前均先快速上升,在9~45 d缓慢下降;菌渣的比例越高,堆制前后全氮增加幅度越高(T6除外),而全磷和全钾随着堆肥进程而逐渐被浓缩,至堆肥结束均表现为T_3和T_4处理较高,而T_1和T_5处理较低。[结论]综合考虑堆肥质量和堆期等因素,利用蟹味菇菌渣为主要原料大规模化生产有机肥,T2和T6处理的配方较适宜。

[Objective]To study effect of different materials on fertilizer efficiency during co-composting with spent mushroom substrate（ Hypsizygus marmoreus）.[Method]The present study was designed to promote cyclic utilization of agricultural waste resources by taking Hypsizygus marmoreus residues（ HMR） as investigated subject. Six treatments with varying compost composition（ T1,HMR,T2,HMR： pig manure = 8∶ 2,T3,HMR∶ pig manure = 6∶ 4,T4,HMR∶ pig manure =5∶ 5,T5,HMR∶ goat manure =8∶ 2,T6,HMR∶ pig manure∶ rice straw = 6∶ 2∶ 2） were conducted to study dynamic changes of temperature,pH,organic carbon（ OC）,total nitrogen（ TN）,total phosphorus（ TP） and total potassium（ TK） and C/N ratio during the natural fermentation.[Result] The temperature of all treatments were over 50 ℃ at about 4 rd day. It maintained a high temperature from 30 to 40 d,and then began to decrease. Duration of the high-temperature composting in T1 was 40 d,while T3 and T4 were 27 d. The pH of all treatments increased rapidly and then decreased smoothly,changing from faintly acid（ pH 5. 5-6. 7） to alkalescency（ pH 7. 5-8. 3）. The OC content decreased in general,which decreased by an average of 53. 9% at the end of the composting. The TN content increased rapidly from 0 to 9 d,and then decreased slowly until 45 d,which were increased greater while the ratio of the HMR got more until the end of the composting.However,TP and TK contents had been on a slow upward trend,Both of which were higher in T3 and T4,while lower in T1 and T5.[Conclusion]Considering the factors of the compost quality and production cycle comprehensively,the appropriate compost composition is T2 and T6 for making scale production of organic fertilizer using Hypsizygus marmoreus residues.