滇西及滇中地区主要核桃品种坚果性状特征分析

Analysis on Characteristics of Nut Traits of Main Walnut Varieties from Western and Central Yunnan Province

对22份滇西及滇中地区主栽核桃品种果实进行10个数量性状测定和10个质量性状鉴定及赋值,并进行特征和聚类分析。结果表明,质量性状在坚果形状、缝合线、种仁颜色等方面特征丰富;数量性状方面单果重、壳厚、仁重、出仁率、蛋白质含量的变异系数分别为20.26%、19.46%、22.85%、21.88%、17.22%,在单果重和出仁率方面有45.45%、18.18%达到国家特级标准。聚类分析表明,22份资源划分为两大类,并且这两大类型正好可用坚果形状进行区分。22个主栽品种坚果表现出丰富的特征性和优良性,其不仅能满足不同消费群体的需求,也为核桃品种改良等提供宝贵遗传材料。

The diversity and cluster analysis were studied using 20 quantitative and quality traits detected in 22 walnut varieties from western and central Yunnan province. The results showed that the quality characteristics showed abundant variation in nut shape,suture line and kernel color. The variation coefficients of quantitative characteristics on single fruit weight,shell thickness,kernel weight,ratio of kernel weight to total weight of nut and protein content were 20. 26%,19. 46%,22. 85%,21. 88%,17. 22%,respectively. In 22 varieties studied,there were 10（ 45. 45%） varieties reached the national special level standard in the single fruit weight,and4（ 18. 18%） varieties in the ratio of kernel to total weight. Cluster analysis showed that the 22 varieties could be divided into two categories,and the two types could be distinguished from the shape of nuts. The nut phenotypes of22 varieties from western and central Yunnan were abundant, not only meet the needs of different consumer groups,but also could provide valuable genetic material for the improvement of walnut varieties.