国家认同的影响因素及其代际特征差异——基于2013年中国社会状况调查数据

Factors Affecting National Identity and Differences in Intergenerational Characteristics:Based on Data from the Chinese Social Survey for 2013

我国民众的国家认同感较强,但不同社会人群和代际群体,其国家认同感强弱程度有所差异。经济因素、社会结构因素和文化因素都会影响个人的国家认同感;国家认同感及其影响因素存在代际差异。调研数据显示,青年一代的国家认同感弱于老一代人;老一代人的国家认同感更易于受到社会结构因素的影响,而青年一代的国家认同感更易于受到文化因素和经济因素的影响。青年人的国家认同感正在形成过程中,爱国主义教育和舆论宣传有助于增强他们的国家认同感,但是,靠单纯的宣传教育还不够,给他们创造更多的发展机会,让他们像老一代人一样,把个人发展与国家发展紧密联系在一起,这样才有利于培养和强化青年人的国家认同。

The Chinese have quite a strong national identity,but the strength of this sense of identity varies with different social groups and different generations.Economic and cultural factors and social structural factors all affect individuals’national identity,and there are intergenerational differences in people’s sense of national identity and the factors affecting it.The survey shows that the younger generation has a weaker sense of national identity than the older generation.The older generation is more susceptible to social structural factors,while the younger generation is more susceptible to cultural and economic factors.Young people’s national identity is in the process of being formed,and patriotic education and propaganda directed at public opinion can help to enhance it.However,simple propaganda and education are not enough;if we are to strengthen young people’s sense of national identity,we must create more development opportunities for them and have them link personal development closely with national development,as old people do.