预防原则视角下环境行政权的司法规制

Prevention Principle of Environmental Law from the Perspective of Application of Law Principles

环境预防原则已经成为各国环境风险管控的基本原则。环境风险的不确定性要求环境行政执法具有一定的环境行政自由裁量权,但由于环境行政自由裁量权的行使可能既缺乏明确的执法内容又缺失严格的执法程序以及监督机制,有可能造成环境自由裁量权的滥用。为防止环境行政自由裁量权的滥用,需要对环境行政自由裁量权进行有效规制。规制主要以检察机关对环境行政主体的执法监督和审判机关对具体行政行为的合法性审查为主要途径,以"科学确定性"、多元主体利益衡平和审判的"最后防线"作为司法规制的适用标准,构建环境行政自由裁量权的司法规制机制,实现司法规制对预防原则在环境行政执法中的环境行政自由裁量和合理控权的有效契合。

Precautionary principle in the environmental law has become the basic principle to regulate environmental risks in different countries. The uncertainty within the environmental risk requires that the administrative enforcement should maintain the discretionary power. However,due to the lack of clear law enforcement content and strict enforcement procedures and supervision mechanism,the exercise of environmental administrative discretion may lead to the abuse of environmental discretionary power.In order to prevent such abuse,it is necessary to regulate the environmental administrative discretion. The regulation should mainly adopt the supervision of the prosecution power on the subject of environmental administration and the review of the legality of the judicial power on the specific administrative act as the main path of judicial review. Based on the ＂scientific certainty＂standard,multi-subjective interest balancing test,and the＂last line of defense＂of the judicial review as the applicable methods of the regulatory system,a regulatory mechanism for the establishment of discretionary powers in environmental administration could be established.Finally,it would be possible to realize the effective fit of environmental administrative discretion and reasonable power control in the application of precautionary principle.