欧盟投资者—东道国争端解决机制的改革及我国的应对策略

EU Investor-State Dispute Settlement Mechanism and Our Country 's Countermeasures

国际投资格局的变化、现有ISDS机制的弊端、众多国家的改革愿望及对自身ISDS机制的反思,促使了欧盟对ISDS机制的改革。欧盟的ISDS机制改革主要通过设立常设性的二级投资法院、设立联合委员会、加强对条约解释的控制力、设立FET标准封闭式列表等多种方式,试图以新的投资法院体系来代替国际仲裁法庭、对特殊领域争端进行过滤和筛选、限制仲裁庭的使用范围、加强对争端解决的控制。改革带来的影响是全方位的,但因欧盟与其成员国的意见分歧、传统欧盟法律体系对其他国际法律的排除,欧盟ISDS机制改革会面临一些挑战和不确定因素。我国应当重视ISDS机制的创新与发展,顺应当前的发展趋势,以积极和务实的态度参与ISDS机制完善和相关国际规则的制定,并依据自身的发展需求,注重在中欧、中美BIT谈判中ISDS条款的精确化。

The changes in the international investment pattern,the disadvantages of the existing ISDS mechanism,the desire for reform in many countries and the EU＇s reflection on its own ISDS mechanism have prompted the EU ＇s reform of the ISDS mechanism. Through the establishment of a permanent two-tier investment court,the establishment of a joint committee to strengthen the control over the interpretation of the treaty,the establishment of a closed-end list of FET standards and many other ways,the EU ＇s ISDS mechanism reform attempts to replace the International Court of Arbitration with a new investment court system,filtering and screening disputes in special fields,limiting the scope of use of arbitration tribunals and strengthening the control of dispute settlement. The impact of the reform is omnibearing. However,due to the disagreement between the EU and its member states and the elimination of other international laws by the traditional EU legal system,the ISDS mechanism reform will face some challenges and uncertainties. China should attach importance to the innovation and development of the ISDS mechanism,follow the current development trend,participate in the improvement of the ISDS mechanism and the formulation of relevant international rules with a positive and pragmatic attitude,and emphasize on the ISDS Terms of precision.