刑事缺席审判中的证明标准

Study on Standard of Proof in Criminal Trial by Default

刑事缺席审判制度作为对席审判的例外与补充,有其存在的客观必要性和可行性,但我国目前尚没有对刑事缺席审判制度进行明确具体的立法规定。违法所得没收程序作为缺席审判制度的一种,在司法实践中已经普遍存在,然而因缺少具体操作规范指引,法律适用亦存在较多模糊和原则性的规定,使该程序未能达到立法的预期效果。在缺席审判制度的设计中,证明标准的确定是非常重要的环节,将直接影响到证明方法的选择以及制度设置目的的实现。刑事缺席审判证明标准的确定应综合考量程序设置的目的、程序自身的特点以及庭审方式的特点等因素,宜采用高度盖然性证明标准,在证明方法上可采用与之相适应的自由证明方法。

As an exception and supplement to the bench trial,the criminal trial by default has its objective necessity and feasibility.But there are no clear and specific legislative provisions about it in China.As one of trial by default,the illegal income confiscation procedure is widespread in judicial practice.But due to the lack of specific operational guidelines,the application is vague,making the effectiveness of the law fail to achieve the desired effect of the legislation.In the design of the trial by default,the determination of proof standard is a very important link.The determination of the standard will directly affect the choice of the method and the realization of the system setting.When we make the determination of the standard of criminal trial by default,we should comprehensively consider the purpose of the procedure,the characteristics of the program and the characteristics of the mode of trial.The trial of criminal absentia shall be based on a high degree of probability.According to the proof standard of the high degree of probability,the free proving method can be used to accomplish the certification task.