成年精神障碍者的行为能力

The Capacity for Action of Adult Patients with Mental Disease

现行民法行为能力制度的定型化,无法适应成年精神障碍者残存行为能力多样性的现实。随着人权保护的发展,不利选择权破除了父权思想对该群体法律行为的过度干涉;对弱势群体的保护,尤其是《残疾人权利保护公约》的通过,使成年精神障碍者行为能力平等成为国际法规范;精神医学的进步,使该群体行为能力的判断成为可能;立法技术的完善要求修正行为能力制度以满足成年监护制度及整个民法体系的逻辑自洽。因此,未来民法典中应当规定具体行为能力制度,并采取弹性的类型化方式,区分财产性法律行为能力和人格性法律行为能力。对前者的判断采取阶段性和功能性能力相结合的方法;后者中与精神障碍无关的医疗决策能力类推适用前者的判断标准,与精神障碍相关的医疗决策能力适用个案判断。

The standardization of current civil capacity for action system is unable to adapt to the reality that adult patients with mental disorders remain different capacities.With the development of human rights,rights for adverse choice had broken the excessive interference which patriarchal thought exerted to the legal behavior of adult patients with mental disorders;The rise of the vulnerable groups protection movement,especially article 12 of Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities,makes it an international rule that adult patients with mental disorder shall share equal capacity for action.The progress of psychologic science makes the evaluation of the capacity for action possible.The improvement of the legislation technology requires the improvement of the capacity for action system in order to meet the logic self-consistent with adult guardianship system and civil law system.In the future civil code,the specific capacity system should be stipulated,adopting flexible way of typing to distinguish the property legal behavior ability and personality legal behavior ability.The evaluation of the property legal behavior ability should combine stage and functional ability,while the evaluation of personality legal behavior ability can apply similar standard of the former when it has nothing to do with mental disorders,and apply case judgment when it is related to medical disorders.