虚假诉讼的识别与规制——以裁判文书为中心的考察

The Distinguishing and Regulation of Fictitious Action——An Inspection Centered on the Judgment Documents

考察涉及虚假诉讼的裁判文书可见,目前对虚假诉讼的确认以再审为主,检察监督作用突出,虚假诉讼的识别存在滞后性,且多数裁判仅驳回诉讼请求,罚款或拘留等强制措施适用率低,对虚假诉讼的惩治有限。为改变上述局面,可通过惩戒虚假陈述间接规制虚假诉讼,同时放宽无独立请求权第三人的参诉条件,赋予主张本诉涉嫌虚假诉讼可能侵害其合法权益的案外人参加诉讼和提起第三人撤销之诉的资格。在规制手段上,应加强对虚假诉讼的审查,加大民事制裁的力度,并允许利害关系人提起侵权之诉,以构建在民事诉讼程序内多元化的虚假诉讼规制体系。

Inspecting the judgment documents that involvefictious action,We can understand the following problems.On the one hand,the confirmation of fictious action is dominated by rehearing and procuratorial supervision makes great contribution.The distinguishing of fictious action is lagging.On the other hand,the majority of the judgments only reject the litigation request,and the application rate of the coercive measures in civil proceedings such as fines or detentions is low.In order to regulate the fictious action in time,the judge should change the regulation of fictious action to the regulation of false statement,and give the outsider the right to participate in action by expanding the scope of the third party without independent right to claim.In terms of regulation methods,the judge should increase the intensity of civil sanctions,and allow the right holder brings a tort lawsuit.