四言诗句法结构和节奏关系量化研究

Quantitative Study on the Relationship between Syntactical Structure and Rhythm of Four-Character Poetry

先秦时期,声调尚未出现,建立在声调基础之上的格律也未形成,《诗经》本质上讲是合乐的歌词,音乐定其节奏,从语言形式上讲,两字一顿是其公认的节奏。而这一节奏的语言学基础是什么,相关研究较少。为探究这一问题,采用量化分析的方法对《诗经·风》中的四言诗的句法结构、词汇和助词位置进行穷尽性统计和分析,并与同时期的非韵文文本中的相关项一一对比。研究结果显示,诗行二二节奏的形成,主要是采用与之契合的句法结构,其次采用词汇手段来弥补,此外,语言本身的特点也促成了这种节奏的形成。

Shi Jing in essence is the words of songs and its rhythm is set by the music at pre-Qin period at which tones didn＇t occur and the meter based on tones wasn＇t built. People take it for granted that Two-character pause is the rhythm of Shi Jing from the aspect of linguistics, while fewer researches give sufficient argumentation. Based on the Quantitative study, the syntactical structure, vocabulary and the position of auxiliary words in Shi Jng · Feng are conducted in a statistical analysis exhaustively and compared with those proses written at that time. Results reveal that the syntactical structure is compatible with the rhythm and the necessary vocabulary is used to make it in exceptional cases, meanwhile the language itself also facilitated to make the rhythm.