“两权”抵押贷款问题透视与破解对策

Perspective on the Problems and Contermaesures of Two-right Mortgage loan

国务院于2015年8月正式启动"两权"抵押贷款试点,以农村土地产权为中介,实现资金的跨期配置,解决农民融资问题,增强土地、资金和劳动力的适配性。为此,选取5个具有地域代表性的样本,对我国东中西部"两权"抵押试点的现状进行实证分析。通过问卷调研,检验地域差异与农户规模对农户贷款意愿、贷款需求、贷款用途造成的约束。通过与多位承贷机构工作人员的面对面访谈,发现存在土地确权不完善,市场不健全等障碍。为打破"两权"抵押贷款的障碍与约束,尝试设计发展路径让农村土地承包经营权和农民住房财产权成为农户握在手中的财富,帮助农户找到"点土成金"的"魔法棒"。

The State Council formally launched the pilot project of ＂two - right＂ mortgages in August 2015, and rural land property is used as a medium in order to realize the inter - temporal configuration of funds and solve the financial problem of farmers, as well as enhance the adaptability of land, capital and labor force. To this end, five geographical representative samples were selected in this paper, and an empirical analysis is carried out towards the current situation of the pilot project of ＂two - right＂ mortgages in the east, west and center of China. We apply the method of questionnaires to examine the restriction of geographical differences and the farmer scale on the willingness, demand and usage of mortgages for farmers. A few problems are found after our interviews with a number of rural economic management services and staff of the loan agency, which are imperfect land, imperfect market, and difficult handling of collateral. In order to break the obstacle and constraint of the ＂two fight＂ mortgage loan, this paper designs the development path so that the rural land contractual management right and the farmer＇s housing property right become the wealth of the peasant household which are controlled in the hands of the farmers, in order to help them find the ＂magic stick＂ to ＂turn soil into gold＂.