结肠癌靶向治疗的研究进展

Research progress on targeted therapy of colon cancer

结肠癌目前被认为是世界第三大癌症,其临床表现隐匿,诊断发现时已大多出现肝脏转移,故化疗被视为最重要的传统治疗方法。然而,化疗的局限性不容忽视,如选择性低、肿瘤组织浓度不足、耐药性以及全身毒性等。因此,只有研制出能够特异性阻止结肠癌细胞增殖并不损伤正常细胞的靶向药物,才能从根本上控制肿瘤细胞的转移。目前,结肠癌靶向治疗从分子水平逐步走向靶向性更强的基因治疗,并意识到基因治疗在实际应用过程中最大的障碍是缺乏高效、导向的载体系统。文章就近年来结肠癌分子靶向药物及基因治疗运载系统的研究进行综述。

Nowadays colon cancer is considered as the third most common cancer in the world. Hepatic metastases often already happen earlier before colon cancer is diagnosed because of its dormant clinical symptoms. Traditionally, chemotherapy is regarded as the most important treatment of colon cancer. However, the limitations of chemotherapy should not be underestimated, such as low selectivity, deficiency in tumor tissues, drug resistance, and systemic toxicity, etc. Therefore, developing drugs that can both specifically inhibit growth of colon cancer cells and prevent normal cells from being damaged is crucial to control metastasis primarily. In recent years, the treatment of colon cancer is gradually moving to gene therapy, which has a better targeting than molecular therapy. The biggest obstacle in the application of gene therapy is the carrier system with high efficiency and guidance capability. This article reviewed recent studies on molecular targeted drugs of colon cancer and delivery system of gene therapy.