植物大麻活性成分及其药用研究概况

A review of active ingredients from Cannabis Sativa L. and their medicinal potential

大麻作为一种古老的药用植物,其植株含有许多天然的化学成分。从20世纪60年代至今,已从大麻中分离得到565种化学成分,分为植物大麻素和非大麻素两类。这些化学成分具有镇痛、抗肿瘤、抗恶心呕吐、治疗精神及大脑疾病、抗炎、抗菌等作用,其作用机制在近50年才逐渐被揭示,并有待进一步深入研究。本文主要从大麻植株中的活性成分、植物大麻素的生物合成途径及关键酶、大麻素的分析方法、医药用途及大麻素药物开发等5个方面展开综述,以期为开发大麻的药用潜力提供参考依据。

Cannabis sativa L. is one of the oldest plants used for medicine because of its numerous natural constituents. From the 1960s to the present, a total of 565 constituents have been reported from Cannabis sativa L., which could be classified into two types： phytocannabinoids and non-cannabinoids. These active constituents are responsible for analgesic, anti-tumor, anti-nausea and vomiting, treatment and brain disease, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, etc. However, the pharmacological mechanism was gradually revealed in the past 50 years, and still need further study. In this paper, we present a general overview of chemical constituents in Cannabis sativa L., biosynthetic pathways of cannabinoids and key enzymes involved, techniques of determining earmabinoids, and the main potential （or established） therapeutic uses of some cannabis-related drugs, to provide reference for pharmacology and therapeutic potential of Cannabis sativa L..