两战期间的德美社会文化差异对包豪斯美国化的影响

The Effect that the Social Culture Difference between Germany and America Had on Bauhaus' Americanization in Two World Wars

以往建筑研究领域习惯将现代主义建筑在美国的发展片面归结于两战期间移民美国的欧洲建筑大师的促进作用。针对这种现象,以现代主义建筑运动的中坚力量——包豪斯为研究对象,以德国和美国对包豪斯的历史研究为基础,从社会文化对建筑发展的影响的角度,对比分析两战期间德国与美国的社会文化差异,进而分析这种差异是如何作用于包豪斯的美国化。指出包豪斯美国化的过程中,内涵从原本的促进社会革新的先锋艺术运动演变成纯粹建筑产品,甚至建筑风格范式,是美国从自身社会文化语境出发,以及包豪斯建筑大师为迎合美国社会文化需求,对包豪斯内涵进行简化和改造的结果。

In the field of architecture research, people have used to owe the development of modernist architecture in America to European modernist architects who immigrated to the United States in Two World Wars. In response to this phenomenon, take the elite of modernist architecture movement Bauhaus as research object, base on relevant historical researches in Germany and America, from point of view that Social Culture have crucial impact on architecture development, compare the Social Culture of Germany with American counterpart, analyze how the difference between them influenced Americanization of Bauhaus, point out that in the progress of Bau- haus＇ Americanization, the original meaning of Bauhaus as avant-garde which aimed to promote social reform, had changed to pure architecture products, even a style, this was a result of simplification and transformation made by American society and Bauhaus architects in the context of American social culture in Two World Wars.