论牛河梁遗址的社会性质和妇女地位

A Discussion on Social Nature and Women's Status of the Niuheliang Site

本文立足于考古发掘材料,辅之以民族志材料,从人口、社会形态、经济形态和居住模式等视角进行考察,联系英美考古学家的论述,构架出牛河梁遗址的酋邦属性,之后在这个平台上遵循劳动生产决定妇女的家庭与社会地位的原则解读性别分工与女神崇拜。本文的原创性和争议性表现在对牛河梁遗址的社会定位及相关构想(人口和疆域、血缘构成和地域分布、强化生产和交易圈等),还表现在推测女神庙的6尊个体与当地先民可能具有的亲属关系,提出祭祀圈与信仰圈对社会的整合作用,以及借用跨文化比较的事例来引申牛河梁女神可能具有的崇拜形式。

This paper is based on the archaeological materials, supplemented by ethnographic materials investigated from the perspective of the population, social, economic form and living mode, combined the discussion of British and American archaeologists, framed a Chieftain-state in Niuheliang site, interpreted gender division of labor and the worship of goddess follow the the principle of labor production decision family and social status of women based on the framed platform. The originality of this paper and controversial in and related conception of social positioning of the cow river beam site（population and territory, blood composition and geographical distribution, strengthen the production and trade, etc.）,and also may have speculated on the goddess Temple 6 statues of the individual and the local inhabitants of kinship, the sacrifice circle and belief circle integration the role of society,as well as examples of use of cross cultural comparison to extended Niuheliang goddess may have the form of worship.