清代云南茶叶经营方式浅析

A Brief Analysis of Tea Business Mode in Yunnan in Qing Dynasty

清代以来,以普洱茶为代表的云南茶叶开始广受皇亲国戚、藏族同胞及广大海内外人士的喜爱,云南茶叶经济迅速发展起来。而云南茶叶的经营方式也随之经历了官督民营、官营以及英法殖民者干涉下的官督民营三种经营方式。其中,由茶农负责茶叶的生产和初加工,茶商负责销售,而官府只是对茶商进行征税的"官督民营"经营方式是清代茶叶的主要经营方式,是近代云南商品经济和茶叶经济发展共同的结果,而茶商的崛起是其重要的动力。此外,政府的相关政策以及海外市场的扩展对于清代茶叶经济的发展同样至关重要。

From Qing Dynasty,the tea of Yunnan,represented by Pu＇er tea,was popular and loved by the royalty,the Tibetans and the people domestic and abroad. The tea economy had developed rapidly in Yunnan province. Correspondingly,the tea business mode had changed in Yunnan. There were mainly three modes of business： private mode monitored by the state,state-run mode,and the state-run mode intervened by English and French colonialists. The private mode monitored by the state was the main business mode in Qing Dynasty： the tea grower was responsible to the production and primary processing of tea; the tea merchant was in charge of sales,and the government levied a tax on tea merchants. This mode was a common result by the development of commodity economy and tea economy in Yunnan. And the rise of the tea merchant was the main primary source of power. In addition,the relevant incentive policies issued by the government and the expansion of overseas market were also vital to the development of tea economy in Qing dynasty.