明清至民国时期宣威地区族群演变与地名分布变迁研究

The Study on Ethnic Groups Evolution and Place Names' Distribution and Changes in Xuanwei from Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Republic of China

明清至民国时期,以汉人为主体内地移民的迁入、扩散及晚清以来长期的动乱使宣威族群与地名分布发生了剧烈变迁。土流并治时代,汉人和新增汉语地名主要分布在坝区及驿道沿线;改土归流以来,随着各类移民向山区大规模迁徙,坝区以汉人为主,山区汉夷杂居的族群分布格局正式形成。与此同时,以姓氏地名为代表的汉语地名在山区迅速扩散开来;晚清至民国,长期的动乱除使宣威产生了一批新的军事武备地名外,各族群在人口比重、地理空间分布格局方面均发生了较大变迁。研究发现,明清至民国时期宣威族群与其相关地名在数量比重和地理空间分布格局方面有很强的关联性。

From the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Republic of China,drastic changes of the distribution of ethnic groups and place names had taken place in Xuanwei because of the influx of the mainland immigrants with the Han nationality as the main body,and the long-term turmoil. At that time,Han people as well as the place names named in Han language are mainly distributed in the plain and along the post road. Since the bureaucratization of native officers policy,with all kinds of migrants migrated to mountainous area,the plain area was dominated by Han people,and the mountainous area was mixed with Han and the barbarian people. What＇s more,the ethnic groups distribution pattern was formally formed. At the same time,place names named in Han language and represented by surname quickly spread in the mountains. From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,in addition to a number of new military place-names,the long-term turmoil also made all ethnic groups undergo great changes in the proportion of the population distribution pattern and geographical space. The study found that from Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Republic of China,Xuanwei groups and related names had strong consistency in the proportion of the number and spatial distribution.