塞尔维亚职业教育现状与发展趋势

Current Situation and Development Trend of TVET in Serbia

塞尔维亚职业教育体系包括职业教育和培训、学徒制、职业培训和资格认证三大类,向个体提供正式教育和非正式教育的不同课程。塞尔维亚国家资格框架对现有的资格和资格制度进行了整合和协调,实现了对各级正规教育、非正规教育以及对先前学习的认证,并采用明确教师的任职资格标准和培训要求,注重立法和管理体制改革等措施推动职业教育发展。为满足经济变化对人才结构、规模和质量等方面的要求,塞尔维亚职业教育与培训工作需要加强学校与企业雇主间的合作,制定关键环节的积极政策;促进就业增长和社会融合,保障弱势群体的社会地位;完善利益相关者的参与机制,畅通联系和沟通的渠道。

The Serbian vocational education system has three broad categories： vocational education and training, apprenticeships and vocational training and accreditation. This system provides individuals with different courses for formal and non-formal education. The National Qualification Framework of Serbia integrates and coordinates the existing system of qualifications, the certification of formal education at all levels, including informal education and prior learning. They promote the development of vocational education by clarifying teachers＇ qualification standard and training requirements, and reforming the legislative and management system. Economic reform has changed the demand for talent structure, scale and quality. Serbian vocational education and training needs to improve the cooperation between schools and enterprises, increase employment rate, guarantee the social status of the disadvantaged groups and complete a participation mechanism for a smooth communication channel.