潮土区常规施肥下冬小麦农田基础地力演变规律

The changes of basic soil productivity of winter wheat farmland under conventional fertilization in fluvo-aquic soil area

研究农民习惯施肥条件下潮土区冬小麦农田基础地力的演变规律,为加强潮土农田地力保育,挖掘农田生产潜力和增加作物产量提供依据。依托29个潮土国家级耕地土壤监测点,利用1988~2006年长期监测数据,从土壤性质出发构建了潮土区冬小麦农田基础地力指数(BSPI)模型,以此模型为基础分析了潮土区常规施肥下冬小麦农田基础地力的演变规律。经过19年的常规施肥,冬小麦农田基础地力呈显著的上升趋势,与监测初期相比BSPI提升了38.5%,年均增长速率为2.0%。不同地力水平下的冬小麦农田基础地力随时间演变规律不尽一致,低地力区BSPI呈显著上升趋势,年均增长速率为3.2%。高、中地力区BSPI均呈略微上升趋势,都未达到显著上升水平。不同省份间冬小麦农田基础地力指数差异也十分显著,在潮土监测区域,不同省份表现的趋势为江苏省的冬小麦农田基础地力最高,显著高于安徽、湖北、河北、山东、山西5地,而江苏、北京、河南3省间基础地力无显著差异。各省冬小麦农田基础地力指数大小顺序为江苏>北京>河南>湖北、山东>河北>山西、安徽。长期化肥和有机肥的施用,以及配合小麦季部分秸秆还田对培肥低地力农田,提高土壤基础肥力作用显著;对于中、高地力农田,长期施肥能稳定土壤基础肥力,对提高和稳定潮土区粮食产量也十分重要。

The changes of soil basic productivity of winter wheat farmland under conventional fertilization on fluvo-aquic soil area were researched,which could provide a scientific basis for enhancing farmland potential productivity and the sustainable use of the arable land resources in the region. Based on the monitoring data of the 29 national cultivated sites on fluvo-aquic soil area from 1988 to 2006,the basic soil productivity index（ BSPI） model of winter wheat was built to analyze the changes of basic soil productivity of winter wheat under conventional fertilization on fluvo-aquic soil area. After the 19 years of fertilization,BSPI of winter wheat had a significant rising trend and increased by 38. 5% compared with that in the first 3 years. The annual increase rate was 2. 0%. The changes of BSPI were different under low,medium and high soil fertility farmland. BSPI increased significantly with 3. 2% annual increase rate under low soil fertility farmland,but increased slightly under medium and high soil fertility farmland. BSPI in different provinces also had significant difference. BSPI was the highest in Jiangsu province and lowest in Anhui province. The order of BSPI of winter wheat among provinces was Jiangsu 〉Beijing〉 Henan〉 Shandong≈Hubei（ 0. 430） 〉Hebei 〉 Shanxi〉 Anhui. Long-term conventional fertilization（ manure or straw combined application with chemical fertilizers） significantly enhanced the basic soil productivity of low soil fertility farmland. For medium and high soil fertility farmland,long-term conventional fertilization stabilized basic soil productivity which is important for crop yield increase.