施肥对棉花养分吸收、分配、利用和产量的影响

Effect of fertilization on cotton nutrient absorption,distribution,fertilizer use efficiency and yield

通过田间膜下滴灌栽培,研究了施肥对棉花养分吸收分配规律、肥料利用率、棉花产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明,与农民习惯施肥(FP)相比,推荐施肥(OPT)处理的养分吸收、生殖器官中分配总量和肥料利用效率有不同程度的提高,其中氮肥和磷肥肥料利用效率分别提高29.5和10.8个百分点,氮肥和磷肥农学利用效率分别提高0.4和0.7 kg·kg^(-1)。且OPT处理增产4.5%,增加农民收入774元·hm^(-2),该地区棉花产量限制因子依次为氮、磷、钾。说明平衡施肥的氮、磷、钾养分投入基本合理。

An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of fertilization on cotton nutrient absorption,distribution,fertilizer use efficiency,yield and economic benefits in fields with drip irrigation. The results showed that,compared with farmers＇ practice treatment,total amount of nutrient uptake,distribution in reproductive organs and fertilizer use efficiency in the balanced fertilization treatment（ OPT） were all increased in varying degrees. Nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency were increased by 29. 5 and 10. 8 percentage points,and the agronomy efficiency was increased by 0. 4 and 0. 7 kg·kg（-1）. The cotton yield and economic benefits were increased by 4. 5% and 774 yuan·hm（-2）. The cotton yield limiting factor for the area was nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in turn in the study area,and the application rate of fertilizer of OPT was more reasonable than that of FP.