反对社区主义——也从语词层面理解非物质文化遗产

Against the Communitarianism: To Understand the Intangible Cultural Heritage from the Words from Linguistic Perspective

社区-共同体是文化传承的主观性相对性语境条件,还是道德实践的主观间客观性语境条件?或者,社区-共同体是现实中自然传承的文化主体,还是因自由实践而可能的道德主体?这是"非遗"保护实践的理论难题。"非遗"保护如果仅仅赋权给现实中作为自然传承的文化主体的社区-共同体,而不是作为因自由实践而可能的道德主体的社区-共同体,就可以被称为"社区主义"。社区主义的"非遗"保护路径,首先既不能维护道德主体自由实践的应然自律权利(人权),最终也就不能有效地保护文化主体自然传承的实然实践形式(文化多样性)。

Is a Community the subjective and relatively context of inherited culture or an intersubjective and objectively context of moral practices？Perhaps,in reality,it is the natural inheriting culture subject or the potential moral subject because of moral practice？ These are theoretical problems of Intangible Cultural Heritage（ICH）safeguarding practice. If the ICH safeguarding practice just empowers communities as natural inheriting culture subject,and neglects them as potential moral subject,owing to their moral practice,it can be called communitarianism. The ways of ICH safeguarding,as communitarianism,neither maintain the rights to practice freely moral practices nor continue the practice of natural heritage form（cultural diversity）of culture subject.