藏族通婚禁忌与守护神信仰关联性研究——基于安多藏区田野调查的人类学思考

Research on the Association between the Tibetan Intermarriage Taboo and the Patron God Belief——Based on Field Investigation in Amdo Tibetan Areas

在藏传佛教影响巨大的藏文明系统中,"守护神不和禁止通婚"是安多社会至今秉持的通婚禁忌。这起因于守护神本身的善恶之别和他们归属于藏传佛教、苯教、民间信仰的地位之差。文章从藏族守护神分类入手,呈现田野不婚个案,阐发守护神对藏族择偶通婚的制约并分析该制约所反映的藏族多元宗教在社会内部分层、群体边界建构中的作用,对于深入理解藏族的婚姻与家庭、宗教与社会、观念与现实,触摸他们宗教生活的精神必将助益积极。

While enormously influenced by the Tibetan Buddhism,in the Tibetan civilization system,the intermarriage taboo＂The Patron God At Odds Are Forbidden To Intermarry＂has been held in the Amdo society due to the good and evil differences between the Patron God and their statuses in Tibetan Buddhism,Bon,and folk religion.Commencing from the category of the Tibetan Patron God,this article presents the unmarried case in the field,and elucidates how the Patron God belief limits Tibetan people＇s mate-selection choice and marriage. Such limitations actually reflect the influences of the Tibetan multi-religion in the internal hierarchy of the society and the group boundary construction. It is argued that it would be immensely helpful for us to deeply understand the marriage and family,the religion and the society,the conception and the reality of the Tibetan people,and comprehend their religious life.