从寺院到教堂:录巴寺传教站的诞生叙事及生存策略

From Dar-dge Dgon to Luba Si: A Research on a Tibetan Monastery which had been Changed into Church in Sino-Tibetan Borderland

19世纪末,基督教宣道会选取甘肃汉藏族群边界为突破口,意图渐进式地向藏区传教。传教士学习本地族群交往中的主客关系互惠模式,通过拓展人际关系网络提高传教效力。藏传佛教寺院达格观1895年成为传教士的避难所,并在1897年为传教士颁发可在安多游历的通行证。1903年,在寺院附近滩地建成福音园。1907年,达格观寺衰僧败,寺产变卖给宣道会,寺院改建成基督教堂,即录巴寺传教站。这个寺院变教堂的故事,具体而微地揭示了宣道会、神召会嵌入汉藏边界族群社会的生存策略。面对汉藏边界以宗教信仰为表征的社会控制体系,传教士认识到必须获得土地以接纳被切断原有社会关系的信徒。这个故事也从一个侧面反衬了本地社会控制体系的衰解。

At the end of nineteenth century,The Christian and Missionary Alliance（CMA）began to do missionary work at Sino-Tibetan borderland in Gansu and Qinghai Provinces. The missionaries had taken refuge at a Tibetan Buddhism monastery called stag-dge dgon for several months in 1895. This monastery promulgated a passport to the missionaries in 1897,which intended to help them to travel unconstrained in Amdo,and then a piece of land was consecrated to the CMA by a Han Chinese Christian in 1903,which set up a Gospel Garden. In 1907,due to the economic crisis,Dar-dge dgon went downhill and was sold to the CMA who rebuilt it into a church soon. This story of the monastery＇s changing to church reveals how the Christian spread in Sino-Tibetan borderland,and owning ground is a prerequisite for the missionary work. It also indicates that social control of this area disintegrated during this period.