晋西南保护性耕作对土壤水分和冬小麦产量的影响

Effect of Conservation Tillage on Soil Moisture and Yield of Winter Wheat in Southwestern Shanxi Province

水是农业生产的命脉,土壤水分是中国北方旱地农业生产的主要限制因素,通过研究保护性的耕作技术对土壤水分和冬小麦产量的影响,明确不同年限的保护性耕作对土壤水分和产量的影响,对提高北方旱区小麦产量和生态文明建设都有重要的意义.本文主要分析了24年免耕覆盖(24y-NTS)、20年免耕覆盖(20y-NTS)、传统耕作(TC)三种处理下土壤水分和冬小麦的动态变化.用统计学方法对传统耕作与不同年限保护性耕作旱地土壤水分和冬小麦产量进行了对比分析.研究表明:24y-NTS和20 yNTS免耕覆盖分别比传统耕作平均增产35.05%和29.55%.丰水年份的增产率为6%和5.8%,而干旱年份的增产率高达91.3%和22.6%.证明实施保护性耕作的旱地,年限越长,土壤水分和增产效果越显著.

Water is the lifeblood of agricultural production, soil water is the main limiting factors of agricultural production in the north of China. The research has persevered conservation tillage effects on soil moisture and yield through protective effects of Tillage Technology on soil moisture and yield of winter wheat. This paper did main research about three treatments like 24 year no tillage coverage （24 y-NTS）,20 year no tilage coverage （20 y-NTS） and traditional coverage （TC） for knowing well the dynamic changes about soil moisture and yield. Statistical analysis was conducted on the soil moisture and winter wheat yield of conventional tillage and Conservation Tillage in different years. The results indicated that no tillage and 20 year no tillage coverage increased by an average of about 35.05 % and a yield of more than conventional tillage in the same period of the year of 24 years and no tillage. The yield increase rate was 6 % and 5.8 % respectively in the year of abundant water,while the increase rate was as high as 91.3 % and 22.6 % uring the drought years. In conclusion, the results showed that the longer the conservation tillage, the more drought, there will be more remarkable effect on both the soil moisture and yield increase production.