基于生态水位差比法的高海拔湿地生态环境需水量研究——以乌梁素海湿地为例

Calculating Ecological Demand of Upland Wetlands for Water Using the Ecological-Water-Level Difference Method:Taking Wuliangsuhai Wetland as an Example

【目的】估算高海拔湿地生态环境需水量。【方法】采用生态水位差比法对乌梁素海湿地生态环境需水量进行了计算,并对乌梁素海生态补水量进行了分析。【结果】乌梁素海湿地最小和适宜生态水位差比系数分别为0.786和1.231,最小和适宜生态环境需水总量分别为5.645亿m3和7.580亿m3;乌梁素海湿地生态补水量为4.68~6.85亿m3。【结论】新提出的生态水位差比法模型是对原生态水位法的改进,此模型更适合应用于高海拔湖泊湿地生态需水量计算,并且此模型可满足湿地净化污染物要求。当某湿地的水文和生态状况与乌梁素海湿地相似时,可用生态水位差比系数进行最小和适宜需水量估算。

【Objective】The purpose of this work is to present an improved method to calculate ecological demand of high-altitude wetlands for water.【Method】We took Wuliangsuhai Wetland as an demonstrative example and used the ecological water-level difference method to overcome the problems of non-sensitivity and low accuracy faced by other methods used previously to calculate ecological demands of wetlands for water.【Result】（1）The minimum and proper coefficients of the water-level difference calculated for the Wuliangsuhai wetland were 0.786 and 1.213 respectively; the minimum and proper ecological water demands of the wetland were 56.45 million cubic meters and 75.80 million cubic meters respectively.（2）The water available for ecological use in Wuliangsuhai was 46.8-68.5 million cubic meters.【Conclusion】The improved ecological water-level difference method proposed in this paper can be used to help design decontamination of wetlands, and is capable of calculating ecological water demands of wetlands, especially high-altitude wetlands similar to the Wuliangsuhai wetland.