花龄对‘灿烂’兔眼蓝莓花粉原位萌发和花粉管生长的影响

Effects of Flower Age on Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth of 'Britewell' Rabbitteye Blueberry

以‘灿烂'兔眼蓝莓为试材,分别进行异花授粉和自花授粉后,于去雄后第0、1、2、3、4、5、6天对去雄的花进行授粉,于授粉后2、6、12、24、48、72、96 h进行取样观察花粉原位萌发和花粉管生长情况,以期阐明花龄对蓝莓花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响,为杂交育种和花期人工辅助授粉提供科学依据。结果表明:‘灿烂'兔眼蓝莓开花第1~4天,异花授粉后花粉管生长至花柱基部的花柱比率显著高于其它时期,花龄对其异花和自花授粉后花粉原位萌发和花粉管生长有着显著的影响,且‘灿烂'兔眼蓝莓存在自交不亲和的现象,花柱基部为其自交不亲和的关键位置,大蕾期和延迟授粉可以一定程度地克服自交不亲和现象,人工辅助授粉和杂交育种的最佳授粉时间为花后第1~4天。

In this study,using the ‘Britewell’ as test materials,the pollen germination and pollen tube growth of self-pollination and cross-pollination after detasseled 0,1,2,3,4,5 days and 6 days were investigated,and the flowers pollinated were sampled 2,6,12,24,48,72 and 96 hours after pollination.So as to elucidate effects of flower age on pollen germination,pollen tube growth and fruit set of Rabbitteye blueberry,to provide knowledge for artificial supplementary pollination and crossbreeding.The results showed that there was a significant difference in pollen germination and pollen tube growth and fruit set among different growth-phase flowers of self-pollination or cross-pollination.In 1-4 days after flowering,the rate of style traversed by pollen tubes of flowers was significantly higher than other growth-phase flowers.Meanwhile,the self-incompatibility was observed in ‘Britewell’,and the base of style was the key position of self-incompatibility,and the self-incompatibility was reduced to a certain extent by bud pollination and delayed pollination.In short,it was the 1-4 days after flowering that the best time of artificial supplementary pollination and crossbreeding.