上海市初中生生活方式现状及其相关因素分析

Current status of lifestyle and its related factors among junior middle school students in Shanghai Municipality

目的了解上海市初中生的生活方式现状及其相关因素。方法 2015年12月-2016年1月采取二阶段分层整群抽样,抽取并调查了徐汇、长宁、黄浦、闵行和奉贤5个区的5所普通公立初级中学学生3 108名,采用自编问卷和中国青少年生活方式问卷调查学生个人、家庭、学校情况以及生活方式等。结果回收有效问卷3 021份,上海市初中生的生活方式问卷因子分均大于3分,除睡眠状况评分以外,其余各因子优于全国水平(P<0.001)。单因素分析显示:在个人特征中,男生在睡眠状况、体育锻炼以及生活满意度的评分优于女生(P<0.01),而女生则在卫生习惯、学习习惯、人际关系和应对方式方面优于男生(P<0.01);独生子女的饮食、卫生习惯评分优于非独生子女(P<0.01)。家庭因素方面,核心家庭学生的生活方式各因子评分均高于非核心家庭者(P<0.01);父母无不良嗜好的初中生在生活方式各因子评分均要优于有不良嗜好者(P<0.05)。学校因素中,不同学习压力、不同学习氛围的学生生活方式各因子评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多元逐步回归分析表明,社会支持、学习氛围、年级、学习压力、学校所在区县、家庭经济、父亲文化程度、家庭结构和父母不良嗜好等因素对初中生生活方式有较强的影响作用(P<0.05),回归模型有统计学意义(F=122.413,P<0.01,R^2=0.374)。结论初中生生活方式受个体、家长和学校等多维度影响,应建立综合性的干预机制,积极培养学生健康生活方式。

Objective To investigate the current situation of lifestyle and its related factors among junior middle school students in Shanghai Municipality. Methods Two-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to select 3,108 junior middle school students from 5 public middle schools in Xuhui,Changning,Huangpu,Minhang and Fengxian Districts from December 2015 to January 2016. A self-designed questionnaire and Chinese Adolescent Lifestyle Scale（ CALS） were employed to investigate the students＇ individual,family and school information and lifestyle. Results A total of 3,021 valid questionnaires were retrieved.The score of lifestyle factor in the junior middle school students in Shanghai Municipality was higher than 3,and the scores of all factors except sleeping status in the CALS were superior to the national average（ all P〈0.001）. Single factor analysis showed that the scores of sleeping status,physical exercise and life satisfaction were higher in boys than girls（ all P〈0.01）,whereas the scores of health habit,study habit,interpersonal relationship and coping style were higher in girls than in boys（ all P〈0.01）. The scores of dietary and health habit of the only-child group were better than those of the non-only-child group（ both P〈0.01）. As for the family factors,the score of each factor concerning lifestyle was higher in students from nuclear families than in ones from non-nuclear families（ all P〈0.01） as well as higher in students having parents without bad habits than in ones having parents with bad habits（ all P〈0.05）. In terms of school factors,the scores of factors concerning lifestyle showed statistically significant differences among students with different learning pressure and learning environment（ all P〈0.01）. Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that social support,learning environment,grade,learning pressure,school districts,family economy,father＇s educational level,family structure and parents＇ bad habits had a strong effect on the students＇ lifestyle（ all P〈0.05）,and the regression equation was statistically significant（ F = 122. 413,P〈0. 01,R^2= 0. 374）. Conclusions Lifestyle of the junior middle school students is affected by the individual,parents,schools and other dimensions; and hence,it is necessary to establish comprehensive intervention mechanism and actively cultivate the students＇ healthy lifestyle.