信用证出口押汇最新法律问题研究

On the Legal Issues of Negotiation under Documentary Credit

信用证出口押汇是我国银行实务中在信用证议付基础上演化出的一种国际贸易融资业务,在国际上能够对应的是信用证议付,但又不等于议付。我国现行法律制度没有专门针对信用证出口押汇的法律法规,而理论界又存在不同的观点。在发生争议解决纠纷时,一方面,押汇行和申请押汇的出口商都会针对该融资行为是信用证议付还是出口押汇做有利于自己的解释;另一方面,法院对此融资行为存在不同的解读,部分法院甚至采取了回避的态度,不针对信用证出口押汇的法律性质做评论,从而出现了司法裁判的不一致和不协调问题。针对这些问题,结合最近发生的基于信用证出口押汇和议付问题而产生的司法判例,从法学的角度进行研究、评析和厘清,并在此基础上提出完善建议。

Negotiation under documentary credit is a kind of international trade financing business in Chinese banking practice which evolved from letter of credit negotiation,which is corresponding to,but not equal to letter of credit negotiation internationally. At present,there are no specialized provisions for negotiation under documentary credit under China＇s current legal system,and there are different opinions in the theory field. In case of dispute settlement,on one hand,as for the nature of the financing conduct,i.e. the letter of credit negotiation or negotiation under documentary credit,both the financing bank and the exporter/beneficiary applying for negotiation under documentary credit are inclined to make an explanation in favor of themselves; on the other hand,in the judicial practice,there are different interpretations about such financing conduct. Even more,some courts took evasive attitude,not to make any comments on the legal nature of the negotiation under documentary credit. As a result,the judgments from various courts are not uniform and harmonious. Based on the above-mentioned reasons,the article focuses on how to resolve these issues by studying and analyzing the abovementioned problems and the newly-made judgments involving negotiation under documentary credit,and puts forward some suggestions.