肾移植后移植物抗宿主病一例的诊治

Diagnosis and treatment of graft-versus-host-disease after kidney transplantation： A Case Report and Literature Review

目的 探讨实体器官移植后发生移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）的诊治方法和可能的发病机制.方法 回顾性分析1例罕见肾移植术后GVHD受者的诊治经过并复习相关文献.受者肾移植术后50d因皮肤散发皮损再次入院,皮肤活体组织检查病理提示为GVHD.为明确诊断,进一步对患者进行了外周血CD3＋淋巴细胞富集后的短串联重复序列（short tandem repeats,STR）嵌合分析和皮肤组织供者特异性人类白细胞抗原（HLA）抗体免疫荧光实验,同时进行降低免疫抑制为主导的治疗.结果 STR分析结果显示,患者外周血淋巴细胞嵌合率为0,但皮肤组织供者特异性HLA抗体免疫荧光结果证实,皮肤组织大量浸润淋巴细胞为供者来源,从而确诊为肾移植术后GVHD.经过降低免疫抑制治疗,小剂量甲泼尼龙冲击治疗后,该患者迅速好转出院,目前肾功能正常.结论 结合文献复习,外周血STR嵌合分析和供者特异性HLA染色是确诊实体器官移植后的GVHD有力手段;肾移植术后的GVHD预后较好;推测实体器官移植后GVHD可能是免疫抑制的结果.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of graft-versus-host-disease （GVHD） after solid organ transplant （SOT） and the possible mechanism.Methods In this study,we retrospectively reported a rare case of GHVD after kidney transplantation and performed a literature review.This 51 year old male patient presented with over 10-day history of sporadic skin rash on postoperative day 50.Skin biopsy examination revealed GVHD.For further clear diagnosis,patient＇s peripheral blood was collected immediately for short tandem repeats （STR） enriched for CD3＋ cells and we also performed immunofluorescent staining for patient＇s skin with specific HLA-A11 antibody,one of donor specific HLA sites.Meanwhile,the decreased immunosuppression was used for treatment.Results In our report,chimerism analysis by STR revealed no chimerism in patient＇s peripheral blood.However,immunofluorescent staining of patient＇s skin demonstrated abundant donor-derived lymphocytic infiltration existed.GVHD was definitely made in this case.After treatment with decreased immunosuppression and a low dose of methylprednisolone （MP）,his clinical symptom was quickly alleviated.Now the patient was discharged and the renal function was normal.Conclusion Combined with literature review and our case report,we thought that chimerism analysis by STR and immunofluorescent staining by donor-specific HLA antibody were very useful for diagnosis of GVHD after SOT.Furthermore,GVHD referred to over-immunosuppression and prognosis of GVHD after kidney transplantation is usually satisfactory.