从生命早期健康和社会变迁看儿童营养

A review of the effects of early life health and social changes on the nutrition of children

为了解生命早期健康及社会经济变化,全方位促进儿童健康。从生命早期营养状况是影响一生的关键窗口期入手,分别从生命早期及社会变迁角度看儿童营养健康。认为促使儿童营养健康相关政策法规及教育须关口前移,从母亲入手,关注孕期合适体重,孕期合理增重,降低剖宫产,选择6月内纯母乳喂养,科学添加辅食,顺应喂养,培养婴幼儿良好饮食习惯,促使其在幼儿期形成较好的膳食模式。从"生存营养学"和"健康营养学"全面看待儿童健康,如促进膳食多样性,既可以评估及预防5岁以下儿童及贫困家庭的营养不良,且能预防儿童超重及肥胖;再则,转换侧重点,把对能量及营养素的单纯关注,转换为全面考量膳食特别是膳食模式对健康的整体影响。

Nutritional status in early life plays a key role of the whole life. This study reviews in two perspectives,the health status of early life and social economic changes on the nutritional status of children. Good dietary patterns in early life can be shaped by the promotion of policies and regulations of children＇s nutrition and health education,weight control of mother in pregnancy,reduction of cesarean section rates,encouragement of breastfeeding during the first 6 months after birth,introduction of supplement food,and formation of good eating habits of baby. From the perspectives of ＂survival nutrition＂and ＂health nutrition＂,food diversity is used to evaluate malnutrition of children under five and household economic status,and can prevent overweight and obesity. Furthermore,the attention should be taken not only on the energy and nutrient intake,but also the dietary patterns to the health in overall.