作物育种关键技术发展态势

Development of Key Breeding Technology

传统遗传育种方法是建立在有性杂交的基础上,通过遗传重组和表型选择进行新品种选培。随着所用品种遗传多样性逐步减少,传统育种瓶颈效应愈来愈为明显,利用常规育种技术已经很难育成突破性新品种。生物技术的创新极大地推动了现代育种的发展。随着分子生物学、基因组学、系统生物学、合成生物学等学科的发展和生物技术的不断进步,多学科联合催生了设计育种技术的革新。2017年生物技术发展迅猛,各项技术得到了空前的发展,尤其是基因组编辑技术、单倍体育种、分子设计育种技术的发展,正孕育着一场新的育种技术革命。

Traditional breeding is a method to develop new varieties through genetic recombination and pheno- type selection based on sexual hybridization. With the gradual reduction of genetic diversity of the varieties used, the bottleneck of traditional breeding becomes more and more obvious, and it is difficult to develop a breakthrough vari- ety with conventional breeding technology. The innovation of biotechnology has greatly promoted the development of modern breeding. The rapid progress in multiple biological disciplines, including molecular biology, genomics, systems biology and synthetic biology, has led to the innovation of design breeding. In 2017, breeding technology developed rapidly, particularly in genome, haploid breeding and molecular design breeding technology, which will bring a new revolution for breeding technology.