效率、社会公平与中国减贫方略

Efficiency,Equity and Poverty Alleviation Strategies in China

中国的减贫为全球反贫困作出了巨大贡献,探索了具有中国特色的扶贫开发道路,尤其是精准扶贫、精准脱贫新方略更是减贫方式的创新和升华。在减贫的具体操作过程中又遇到效率和社会公平的冲突,如一些人不能适应市场经济的竞争、扶贫效率递减以及绝对补贴对于效率和社会公平的损害等。因此,应把贫困作为社会问题而不是单纯经济问题和收入问题,把精准扶贫工作与农村可持续发展和经济体制改革结合起来,通过多目标推进来解决减贫工作中社会公平和效率的冲突。

China＇ s poverty alleviation efforts have vastly contributed to the global anti-poverty endeavor. Through persevering exploration and practice, China has developed a characteristic pathway to poverty alleviation with innovative and essential strategies, notably the precise poverty alleviation strategy. However, hardly can the implementation of any poverty alleviation strategy dodge the issues of economic inefficiency and social inequity such as inadaptability to competitive market environment, diminishing marginal efficiency of poverty alleviation efforts and the economic as well as the social costs of subsidy. Consequently, poverty issue should be addressed as a comprehensive social issue rather than an issue of merely economic growth or welfare distribution. Therefore, a well-rounded approach concerning both economic and social factors is critical in reducing poverty. Thus, the combination of the precise poverty alleviation strategy, the sustainable development of rural regions and China＇ s economic and institutional reformation will provide a proper solution to the conflict of economic efficiency and social equity in the war against poverty.