南宋行在所临安府研究

The Study of Lin'an Government Where the Emperor Lived in Southern Song Dynasty

南宋行在所临安府在城市建置与管理体制方面有其特点,主要体现在行在临安府的沿革、行在大内规制、临安府城厢管理布局、临安府衙及职官制度四个方面。一、京城中央官署布局,唐代长安、北宋东京开封尽量与居民生活区隔开,置于皇城内;而南宋不同,在临安府,朝廷衙署的植入往往是在城内见缝插针地安置,与市民生活区杂处。二、南宋临安府城厢管理体制正在发生变化,在"以厢统坊"的大格局之下,"街巷"兴起,取代"坊市",这是唐、宋城市变革的一个重要标志。三、提出了南宋行在"御街"与"御路"两者不能完全等同的观点,对相关考古学论著将御街与御路混淆,主张南宋御街(天街)"贯穿皇宫"的观点,表达了不同看法。四、南宋京师称"行在所",因而导致其与东京开封府在设官分职上的差异。临安府由杭州升格,高宗虽定都临安府,但未能正称临安府为京师,而称"行在所",名义上仍以东京开封府为京师,以示"恢复之志"。故尔,临安府官职设置,降格于开封府,仍带有州郡府治之印记,如:临安知府,正称"知",而开封府知府必带"权"字;开封府不设通判,以判官、推官为佐贰;临安府设通判;开封府不设左、右司理院,而设左、右军巡院;临安府设左、右司理院,却不置左、右军巡院。通判、司理院本为州郡官,北宋京师开封府皆不置,临安府仍保留州郡官不变。至于府院,开封府为司录参军;而临安府仍沿用杭州州格称录事参军,等等。

The Southern Song Dynasty has its own characteristics in the construction and management system of the city of Lin’an,which mainly embodies the four aspects of the evolution of the Lin’an government,the regulation of the Ling’an government,the management layout of Chengxiang,the Lin’an government Yamen and the official system.First,the layout of central office.That Chang’an in Tang Dynasty and Kaifeng in the Northern Song Dynasty,were separated from the residential area as far as possible.Lin’an in the Southern Song Dynasty,the implantation of the court office was often mixed with the living area of the public.Second,the management system of the area around the city gate in Lin’an is changing.the system of workshop and stores is replaced by the open city streets,which is an important symbol of the change of Tang and Song Dynasties.Third,the＂imperial street＂and the＂royal road＂is not equal,but some archaeologists had confused the imperial street and the royal road.Fourth,Lin’an is the seat of the emperor in the Southern Song Dynasty,but it is not the capital.Kaifeng,the symbol of the recovery of the lost territory,is still the nominal capital of the Southern Song Dynasty.The official position of Lin’an government which has the characteristics of states is lower than that of capital Kaifeng。