职业如何发挥社会融合的功能——德国“职业融合”在职业教育学与职业社会学理论的历史演进与实践反思

How to Play the Functions of Occupation in Social Inclusion?——The Historical Evolution and Practical Refection of Professional Inclusion in Vocational Pedagogy and Professional Sociology in Germany

职业的理论涉及社会学、经济学以及教育学等多种理论领域,职业融合功能的研究对提高社会弱势群体的职业认同感与个人价值的实现具有积极意义。基于社会学的视角从"道德与信仰""社会关系与结构""个体的主观性"三类具有代表性的职业融合思想为起点,论述职业融合功能对个人与社会、不同社会阶层之间达至和谐统一的关键作用。职业如何有效发挥"融合"的功能,为现代职业教育体系的构建提出了新要求,只有融入职业融合的思想,将面向边缘群体的特殊教育纳入职业教育范畴,缩小每个个体由于社会家庭背景及占有学习资源等因素引起的差异,同时兼顾职业资格要求对个体能力的培养与个体的主观意愿,才能实现个体与社会的融合统一。

Theories about profession include those about sociology, vocational pedagogy and so on. Study on professional inclusion contributes a lot in solving the conflict between society and education. The key role of it on harmony and unity between individual and society, different social classes was discussed from the viewpoint of vocational pedagogy and sociology in which morality and belief, social relation and structure, and subjectivity of individual are three representative professional inclusion thoughts. New demands arise for establishment of modern professional education system in terms of how profession functions with effect of inclusion effectively. Only after professional inclusion thoughts are pay attention to, special education for marginal population is taken into the category of professional education and individual gap due to social background and learning resources is narrowed, as well as consideration for both individual capability cultivation required by occupational qualification and individual desire, can harmony between individual and society be achieved.