现实与困境:日本法科入学考试的素质评价探索

Reality and Challenges:Competence Assessment in Japanese Law School Admission Test

日本希望通过设立法科大学院突破司法考试之弊端,实现专业法律人才建设的目标,目前已面临失败的风险。与法科大学院制度相配套的入学考试,虽以美国法学院入学考试为制度蓝本进行素质评价,借鉴先进教育测量理念,运用成熟教育测量技术,但因在制度移植过程中,出现与本土制度环境衔接不当等问题,使得这种素质评价的探索遭遇瓶颈。日本的实践证明,此类考试招生制度的设计不仅仅是一个技术问题,更是一个需要兼顾法律职业资格准入制度与法学教育结构调整的顶层设计问题。

Aiming at improving the legal profession,Japanese judicial system reform,together with the creation of law school,is now faced with the possibility of failure.Although Japanese Law School Admission Test utilizes the ideals and skills of psychometrical measurements and focuses on the competency assessment,the actual effect of the test has been greatly restricted and reduced by Japanese judicial realities like low pass rate of judicial examination.Therefore,how to design the admission test of law schools is not only a technical issue,but also a systematic problem which needs the efficient coordination between educational and judicial administrations.