贵阳市常见园林绿化植物琴丝竹滞尘能力研究

Study on Dust Catching Properties of Common Landscaping Plant Bambusa Multiplex ‘Stripestem Fernleaf' in Guiyang

以贵阳市常见园林绿化竹种琴丝竹为研究对象,应用空气气溶胶再发生器(QRJZFSQ-I)分季节测定了不同污染程度的4个地点(城市广场绿地、城市公园绿地、城郊绿地、城郊林区)的琴丝竹叶片对TSP、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、PM_1的吸附量,用扫描电镜观察比较了叶片上、下表面微形态,分析不同污染背景的琴丝竹叶片滞尘能力及其季节变化、叶表面微形态与滞尘量的关系。结果表明:不同污染背景下生长的琴丝竹叶片滞尘能力差异明显,依次表现为城市公园绿地>城市广场绿地>城郊林区>城郊绿地;城区>郊区。叶片对不同类别颗粒物的滞留能力也存在差异,4种粒径颗粒物的滞留量均表现出城市公园绿地和城郊绿地差异显著,PM_(2.5)和PM_1的滞留量在城市公园绿地与城郊林区也表现出显著差异;琴丝竹叶片滞留不同粒径空气颗粒物的季节变化在不同地点呈现不同的变化趋势:城郊(林区、绿地)季节变化趋势无明显规律,城区(公园绿地和广场绿地)则在冬季最高,春季或夏季最低;琴丝竹叶表面结构粗糙皱褶多,叶片分布条状突起,有深沟槽,被细柔毛,属于滞尘能力较强的树种,可广泛用于园林绿化。

Taking the common landscaping Plant Bambusa Multiplex ‘Stripestem Fernleaf＇in Guiyang city as the research object,the amounts of TSP,PM（10）,PM（2.5） and PM1 adsorbed on the leaf surface of Bambusa multiplex cv. from 4 sites with different levels of pollution（ urban square green space,urban park green space,suburban green space and suburban forest area） were measured by the means of aerosol generator（ QRJZFSQ-I） season by season,and the upper and lower surfaces micromorphology of the leaves was observed and compared with the scanning electron microscope,and then the relationship between the dust Catching Properties of Bambusa Multiplex‘Stripestem Fernleaf＇with the different pollution levels,Seasonal Variation,surfaces micromorphology of the leaves and the amount of dust absorption were analysed. The results showed that： there were obvious differences in the dust catching properties of the leaf surface of Bambusa multiplex cv. with different pollution levels,and as follows： urban park green space 〉 urban square green land 〉 suburb forest area 〉suburb green space; urban area suburb. There was also difference in particulate adhesion ability of the leaves among different grain diameter,the retention of 4 different grain diameter PM had significant variation at urban park green space and suburban green space,the retention of PM（2.5） and PM1 also had significant difference between urban park green space and suburb forest area; The seasonal change of different grain diameter PM adsorbed on the leaf surface of Bambusa multiplex cv. showed a different trend in different locations： there is no obvious regularity about seasonal variation trend in Suburb（ forest area and green space）,the urban area（ park green space and square green space） was the highest in winter,and the lowest in spring or summer; The leaves surface structure of Bambusa multiplex cv. were coarse and plicated,and distributed strip protrusions and deep fillisters,were covered by softly hairs. So Bambusa multiplex cv. have a better capability of detaining dust,can be widely used in landscaping.