媒体与政治:1916年“伟人索款”风波论析

Media and Politics: Discussion and Analysis on the Disturbance of “Great Men Requesting Funds” in 1916

讨袁护国之役结束后,随着国会与各政团的"复活",党派之争愈加激烈。1916年末,孙中山等人以清偿讨袁之役中的负债为由向北京政府请款。围绕该事件,国民党人与研究系各以本派在京、沪等地的机关报为工具,持续展开舆论层面的较量。研究系报纸首先在"伟人索款"的用途、进展以及酬应方式上极力鼓噪,后又对当事各方的声明横加质疑,甚至刊载不实的"侨商声明"误导舆论。对此,国民党系报纸一面致力于辨明事实,建构本派之讨袁功绩,另一面又刊布"研究会索款"消息,以谣喙对谣喙。总之,此番风波突出体现了当时报纸媒体与政治运作的密切关系,同时也反映了特定时期的政治生态。

As the Anti-Yuan War came to an end, with the ＂resurgence＂ of congress and political groups, factionalism became increasingly bitter. At the end of 1916, SUN Yat-sen and some other people requested funds to Beijing government in the name of paying debts in the Anti-Yuan War. Focusing on this event, Kuo Min Tang（KMT） and Yan Jiu Xi（an association for constitutional studies） started competition in public opinion with each other＇s official newspapers in places like Beijing and Shanghai as the tools. The newspaper of Yan Jiu Xi first boasted the purposes, progress and ways of ＂Great Men Requesting Funds＂, and then it unscrupulously questioned the declarations of all parties concerned; furthermore, it publicized false ＂Declaration of Overseas Chinese Businessman＂ to mislead the public opinion. Facing this situation, newspaper belonging to KMT committed itself to clarifying the facts and built Anti-Yuan achievements of its party on one hand, on the other hand, it reported news of ＂Yan Jiu Xi requesting funds＂, using rumor to fight against rumor. In conclusion, this disturbance highlighted the close relationship between newspaper media and political operation then, as well as reflected political ecology at particular period.