决胜小康阶段西南民族地区农村可持续生计问题研究

Research on Sustainable Rural Livelihood Issues in Southwest Ethnic Areas in the Decisive Phase of Building a Well-off Society

党的十九大会议上,习近平总书记提出我国在脱贫攻坚上要取得决定性胜利,从现在到二0二0年,是全面建成小康社会决胜期.西南民族地区农村由于生计资本的存有量比较薄弱,使得脱贫难度相对其他地方更大.本文用DFID的可持续生计分析框架中的五个生计资本来深入分析该地区农村贫苦户生存出现的问题,解剖其原因,并提出相应的解决对策：人力资本的大力开发与充分利用;树立生态意识,实现自然资本的可持续利用;加强物质资本的建设;扩宽资金资本的途径,提高资金资本的有效利用率;加强沟通,认真落实社会资本,以实现西南民族地区农村的可持续发展,最终实现全面脱贫.

At 19th CPC National Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward that a decisiveprogress has been achieved in Poverty alleviation program. It is the decisive period for buildingamoderately prosperous society in all respects from now to 2020. The amount of living capital is relativelysmaller in southwest rural ethnic areas, which makes poverty alleviation more difficult than that in otherplaces. In this paper, we will use five livelihood capitals from Sustainable Livelihood Framework of DFIDto deeply analyze the survival problems of poor rural households in this area, figure out causes and offersome corresponding countermeasures as vigorous exploiting and making full use of human capital;Establishing ecological consciousness and realizing sustainable utilization of natural capital;Strengtheningthe construction of material capital;Widening the way of fund and improving the effective utilization ofcapital; enhancing communication and earnestly implementing social capital in order to realize thesustainable development in southwest rural ethnic areas. Finally, they will fully lift themselves out ofpoverty.