影响重症监护室早产儿母乳喂养的相关因素分析

Analysis of factors affecting breastfeeding in preterm infants in intensive care units

目的探讨影响重症监护室早产儿母乳喂养的相关因素,为提升早产儿母乳喂养率提供科学依据。方法回顾性分析2015年6月至2017年1月在我院出生且在重症监护室抢救过的早产儿86例的临床资料,根据早产儿是否能够进行母乳喂养,将其分为母乳喂养组39例和非母乳喂养组47例,比较两组产妇和早产儿的临床资料,确定重症监护室母乳喂养的相关影响因素和独立影响因素。结果单因素分析确定,早产儿胎龄、体质量及产妇的产假时长、是否考虑母乳喂养、是否接受母乳喂养的健康教育、是否对母乳喂养有信心、乳头是否正常、产后60 min内是否开奶、24 h内的挤奶次数、焦虑评分和抑郁评分均为重症监护室早产儿母乳喂养的相关影响因素;多因素分析确定,产妇是否考虑母乳喂养、是否接受母乳喂养的健康教育、产后60 min内是否开奶、抑郁评分均为影响重症监护室早产儿母乳喂养的独立影响因素。结论产妇是否考虑母乳喂养、是否接受母乳喂养的健康教育、产后60 min内是否开奶、抑郁评分均为重症监护室早产儿母乳喂养的独立影响因素,为提升早产儿的母乳喂养率,应及时对产妇进行相关干预,促进母婴健康。

Objective To explore the factors that affect breastfeeding in preterm infants in intensive care units,and to provide scientific basis for improving breastfeeding rates in preterm infants. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 86 premature infants who were born in our hospital from June 2015 to January 2017 and were treated in the intensive care unit. The preterm infants were divided into breastfeeding group with 39 infants and non-breastfeeding group with 47 infants according to whether they were able to breastfeed. The clinical data of maternal and preterm infants in the two groups were compared to determine the relevant influencing factors and independent influencing factors of breastfeeding in the intensive care unit. Results Univariate analysis displayed that the related influencing factors of breastfeeding in preterm infants in the intensive care unit included the gestational age,body weight and maternity leave duration of preterm infants,whether breastfeeding was considered,health education for breastfeeding,confidence in breastfeeding,the nipples conditions,whether they had breastfeeding within 60 minutes of delivery,number of milking within 24 hours,anxiety score,and depression score. Multivariate analysis confirmed that independent factors affecting breastfeeding in intensive care unit preterm infants included whether there was maternal consideration of breastfeeding,health education for breastfeeding,whether there was breastfeeding within 60 min after delivery,and depression scores. Conclusion The maternal consideration of breastfeeding,health education for breastfeeding,breastfeeding within 60 minutes after delivery,and depression score are independent influencing factors for breastfeeding in preterm infants in intensive care units. To increase the rate of breastfeeding in preterm infants,timely maternal related interventions should be conducted to promote both maternal and child health.