浅析艾森豪威尔时期美国社会舆论与对华政策的关系

Analysis on the Relationship Between American Public Opinion and Policy Towards China During the Era of Eisenhower

从冷战开始到美国陷入越战这一时期,美国社会逐渐形成了一种强烈反共的社会共同价值认同,而新中国作为国际共运的一部分自然成了美国民众的敌视对象。新中国的成立、中美两国在朝鲜战场上的正面对抗加之麦卡锡主义在美国的泛滥,这一系列因素将美国社会的反华情绪推向了高潮。由此,对政府的对华政策也产生了重要影响,艾森豪威尔政府转变了杜鲁门时期对华"以拉促变"方针转向对华强硬的"以压促变"政策。

From the beginning of the cold war to the time when the United States fell into the Vietnam war, the United States society gradually formed a strong anti-Communist social common value, and the new China, as part of the international communist movement, became the object of hostility of the American people. The establishment of new China, the confrontation between China and the United States on the Korean Battlefield, and the spread of Mc Carthyism in the United States, all these factors brought the anti-China sentiment of American society to its climax. Thus, it also had an important influence on the U.S.government＇s policy towards China, and the Eisenhower administration changed the Truman era＇s policy of ＂promoting change with pull＂ to ＂pushing change with pressure＂.