协商民主:一种政治宽容的制度化选择

Deliberative Democracy: An Institutional Choice of Political Tolerance

宽容包含尊重与认可、审慎和容忍、妥协及共识这三个认识层面的理解,由此政治宽容可作出消极宽容与积极宽容两种形式的划分。政治宽容的制度化是指政治宽容的制度设计和制度落实。协商民主作为一种理性的审议民主,在政治宽容制度化过程中起到参与、竞争、监督和纠正的具体作用。公共协商和理性审议的民主程序不仅赋予了政治宽容制度设计以决策合法性,也为相关的制度落实提供了具体实现机制。

Tolerance contains three levels of understanding： respect and recognition,deliberation and tolerance,negotiation and consensus. Thus,political tolerance can be divided into two forms： negative tolerance and positive tolerance. The institutionalization of political tolerance includes institutional design and implementation. Deliberative democracy,as a rational democracy,plays a significant role of participation,competition,supervision and rectification in the process of the institutionalization. The democratic process of public negotiation and rational deliberation not only gives legitimacy of decisionmaking to the design,but also provides a concrete mechanism for institutional implementation of political tolerance.