环境污染型项目风险认知:一个解释框架——兼谈风险治理中的实质性公众参与

Risk cognition about environmental pollution project: an explanatory framework——And discussing the substantive public participation in risk management

"专家-公众"风险认知分歧是环境抗争的诱发因素。文章在回顾风险认知的心理学解释和社会文化理论相关文献的基础上,构建了一个环境风险认知的解释框架,并结合一个实证研究案例阐释这一框架:与专家基于科学的风险认知方式不同,公众风险认知受风险特征、启发式认知方式等个体心理认知机制影响,又与共享价值观和生活方式等社会文化因素相关联;社会文化因素与个体心理认知机制相交织作用于认知主体,共同建构了风险认知的内容。专家-公众风险认知分歧的实质是科学理性与生活理性的断裂。为了弥合分歧,达致风险善治目标,必须承认公众风险认知的合理性,迈向实质性公众参与。

The difference of ＂expert-public＂ risk perception is the cause of environmental resistance.Based on the review of the related literature of cognitive psychology and social culture theory about risk cognition,the author built an interpretation framework about the environmental risk cognition,and illustrated the framework with an empirical case study—differently from the risk cognitive way of experts based on science,the public risk perception is influenced by the Individual psychological cognition mechanism such as the risk characteristics,heuristic cognitive ways,etc. and is associated with social and cultural factors such as shared values and way of life;The social cultural factors and the individual psychological cognition mechanism are interwoven into the cognitive subject and jointly construct the contents of risk cognition. The essence of the risk cognition difference of expert and public is the fracture of scientific rationality and life reason. In order to bridge the gap and achieve the good governance goal of risk,we must recognize the rationality of public risk perception and move towards substantive public participation.