特大城市外来人才的通勤压力、形成原因与治理对策

Causes and Countermeasures of the Commuting Pressure of Foreign Talents in Megacities

通勤压力是影响外来人才在特大城市生存和发展的主要因素之一。通过对2015年北京市青年人口发展状况调查数据的分析发现,该群体平均每天通勤时间超过1小时的人数比例高达63.19%,通勤压力明显高于总人群平均水平。分析其形成原因发现,居住区位、家庭结构、就业性质和个人因素都对通勤压力有显著影响。其中,居住区位与就业区位在空间上过度分离是导致通勤压力的重要原因,而外来人才家庭成员随迁趋势在一定程度上加剧了通勤压力。据此,建议加快城市空间改造工程,改善就业区和居住区的平衡关系,并鼓励用人单位为职工及家属提供就近住宿条件,多措并举缓解外来人才的通勤压力,促进城市健康持续发展。

Commuting pressure is one of the main factors that affect the survival and development of foreign talents in megacities.Based on the analysis of the survey data of the youth population development in Beijing in 2015,the proportion of commuting time exceeding an hour in this group was 63.19%,and the commuting pressure of the group was significantly higher than that of the total population.We further analyze the causes of formation and find that residential location,family structure,employment nature and personal factors all have a significant impact on commuting pressure.Among them,the excessive separation of residential location and employment location is the main reason for commuting pressure,and the trend of family members’ migration also aggravates commuting pressure.It is proposed to speed up the city space reconstruction project,improve the job-housing balance,and encourage employers to provide the nearest accommodation for workers and their families,in order to relieve the commuting pressure of foreign talents and promote the healthy and sustainable development of city.