鲜卑族乞伏部南迁时间与路线新考

New Research on the Southward Migration Time and Route of Xianbei Qifu

通过对《后汉书》、《晋书》和《元和郡县图志》等古代文献的剖析,探明鲜卑族乞伏部等四部落自漠北南迁的时间为东汉安帝建光元年至顺帝永建元年间(121—126)。其时,北部鲜卑接南匈奴叛首逢侯之踵越过大漠迁至漠南草原,继而穿过狼山汉长城障塞,渡过黄河而寇掠南匈奴部落的牧畜。乞伏部等鲜卑四部落自漠北地域度漠南迁的路线应是循逢侯"亡还"之途行进,即自"涿邪山"(今蒙古国南部戈壁阿尔泰山脉西段)向东南行走,穿过大漠(今中蒙边界地带的戈壁荒漠区),再经由"满夷谷"(今内蒙古阿拉善左旗哈鲁乃山乌兰布拉格峡谷)而穿过"大阴山"(今内蒙古狼山西段及其余脉哈鲁乃山);再间歇性地辗转游牧而南迁,经由"乞伏山"(今宁夏石嘴山市惠农区石嘴子)、"夏缘"(今宁夏南部山水河上游),而迁入"高平川"(今宁夏南部清水河)流域。

On the basis of analysis of ancient literature,such as the History of Eastern Han Dynasty,the Book of Jin and Geography with Picture in Yuan He,the southward migration time of Xianbei Qifu and other three tribes from North of the Mobi desert was from121 AD to 126 AD,and that is from the Emperor An＇s first year of Jian Guang to the Emperor Shun＇s first year of Yong Jian in the Eastern Han Dynasty. During that period,after the rebel leader of Southern Xiongnu—Feng Hou,Northern Xianbei went across the desert to the prairie of the southern desert,after that they went cross the Great Wall of the Han Dynasty which located at the Wolf Mountain,and went across the Yellow River then looted the livestock of Southern Xiongnu. The southward migration of Xianbei Qifu together with other three tribes might followed escape？ route of Feng Hou. Began from Zhuoxie Mountain（the western part of the Gobi-Altai Mountains besides southern Mongolia today）,they went across the desert（the Gobi-Desert Area situated on the border zone between China and Mongolia today） southeastward and went through Dayin Mountain（the western part of the Wolf Mountain and its branch—the Halunai Mountain today） via Manyi Valley（the Halunai Mountain Wulanbulage Canyon of Alashan league in Inner Mongolia today）; with intermittent nomads,they migrated southward via Qifu Mountain（Shizuizi of Huinong District in Ning Xia today）and Xiayuan（the upper reaches of the Shanshui River in south of Ningxia today） to Gaopingchuan（the Qingshui River in south of Ningxia today） basin.